一、类的继承(查找顺序先自己再父类)
class ParentFoo: def __init__(self,first_name,car,money,house): self.first_name=first_name self.car=car self.money=money self.house=house def teach(self): print("%s教人"%self.first_name)# f1=ParentFoo('zhu','tesla',10,'Haozhai')class SonFoo(ParentFoo): passf2=SonFoo('zhu','tesla',10,'Haozhai')f2.teach()#zhu教人 class Animal: def __init__(self,name,height,weight): self.height=height self.weight=weight self.name=name def jiao(self): print('%sjiao'%self.name)class People(Animal): # def __init__(self): # pass def read(self): print('read')f1=People('alex',110,100)f1.jiao() class Boo: def f1(self): print('我是f1') print(self) self.f2()class Foo(Boo): def f2(self): print('woshi f2')ff=Foo()ff.f1()#我是f1<__main__.Foo object at 0x10d611d68>woshi f2 二、类的派生(继承父类属性的情况下也使用自身属性)
#v1版本(通过父类调用自己的属性)class Animal: def __init__(self,height,weight): self.height=height self.weight=weight def jiao(self): print('%sjiao')class People(): def __init__(self,name,age): self.age=age self.name=name def read(self): print('read')f1=People('alex',19)Animal.__init__(f1, 180, 100)print(f1.__dict__)#{'height': 180, 'age': 19, 'weight': 100, 'name': 'alex'}#v2版本(在子类的__init__中调用父类，这种跟继承没关系）class Animal: def __init__(self,height,weight): self.height=height self.weight=weight def jiao(self): print('%sjiao')class People(Animal): def __init__(self,name,age): Animal.__init__(self, 180, 100) self.age=age self.name=name def read(self): print('read')f1=People('alex',19)print(f1.__dict__)#{'height': 180, 'weight': 100, 'age': 19, 'name': 'alex'}#v3版本(*************************)class Animal: def __init__(self,height,weight): self.height=height self.weight=weight def jiao(self): print('%sjiao')class People(Animal): def __init__(self,name,age): super().__init__(180, 100) self.age=age self.name=name def read(self): print('read')f1=People('alex',19)print(f1.__dict__)#{'name': 'alex', 'weight': 100, 'height': 180, 'age': 19}#v4版本(不在继承条件下报错)class Animal: def __init__(self,height,weight): self.height=height self.weight=weight def jiao(self): print('%sjiao')class People(): def __init__(self,name,age): super().__init__(180, 100) self.age=age self.name=name def read(self): print('read')f1=People('alex',19)print(f1.__dict__)#报错 三、类派生应用
class People: def __init__(self,name,age,gender): self.name=name self.age=age self.gender=gender def speak(self): print('%s开始说话了'%self.name)class Student(People): def __init__(self,name,age,gender,school,course): super().__init__(name,age,gender) self.school=school self.course=course def choose_course(self): print('%s选择了%s的%s课程'%(self.name,self.school,self.course))class Teacher(People): def __init__(self,name,age,gender,course): super().__init__(name,age,gender) self.course=course def mark(self,student_name,score): print("%s给%s学生打了%s分"%(self.name,student_name.name,score))f1=Student('owen',18,'man','oldboy','python')print(f1.__dict__)f2=Teacher('alex',20,'woman','python')print(f2.__dict__)f2.mark(f1,20) 四、菱形继承
1、新式类(只要默认继承了object类,python3默认继承了object)
2、经典类(没有默认继承object,python2就是经典类)
class G: def test(self): print('from G')class E(G): def test(self): print('from E')class F(G): def test(self): print('from F')class E(G): def test(self): print('from E')class B(E): def test(self): print('from B')class C(F): def test(self): print('from C')class D(G): def test(self): print('from D')class A(B,C,D): def test(self): print('from A')f=A()f.test() 3、深度优先(经典类)
4、广度优先(新式类,只出现在菱形继承中)
五、类的多态
(只有拥有Animal的方法才能使用Animal内的类方法)
符合动物类规定的规则才是动物
import abcclass Animal(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): def __init__(self,height,weight): self.height=height self.weight=weight @abc.abstractmethod def speak(self): print('开始叫了') @abc.abstractmethod def eat(self): print('开始吃了') def sleep(self): print('开始睡觉',self)class People(Animal): def speak(self): pass def eat(self): passf=People(100,200)f.sleep()#接口def func(obj): obj.eat()func(Dog)func(Zhu)